ABSTRACT
As people's living standards improve， the development trend of diabetes has gradually become severe. Diabetes is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with abnormal expression of nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） in patients. NF-κB exists in various tissue cells and participates in the regulation of a variety of genes related to immune function and inflammation. Varieties of factors can activate NF-κB when the body is stimulated by external factors， so as to produce inflammation and other reactions. Previous studies on NF-κB mainly focus on cancer， and the pathological mechanism of the treatment of diabetes by related signaling pathways and the progress of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatment have not been systematically elaborated on. By referring to the relevant literature in China and abroad， it was found that NF-κB is not isolated in the development and progression of diabetes but is associated with signal molecules related to inflammation， oxidative stress， and energy metabolism， and it is involved in mediating inflammation， pancreatic β cell apoptosis， insulin signal transduction， and other physiological functions. Therefore， blocking the transmission of NF-κB signaling pathway is beneficial to the treatment of diabetes. At present， Western medicine for the treatment of diabetes mainly includes oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin injections， but the adverse reactions are obvious. TCM has been characterized by multi-target， extensive action， and excellent curative effects in the treatment of diabetes. TCM and its compounds with functions of tonifying Qi and promoting blood circulation， regulating qi and eliminating phlegm， clearing heat and detoxifying， and nourishing Yin and moistening dryness can effectively intervene in the abnormal expression of NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo through anti-inflammatory effects. In this paper， the association between NF-κB signaling pathway and diabetes was summarized， and the modern research progress of TCM intervention of NF-κB signaling pathway in the treatment of diabetes in the past five years was reviewed， so as to lay a laboratory foundation for the study of a new pathological mechanism of diabetes based on NF-κB signaling pathway and provide new targets and research direction for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and development of related TCM.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To assess the clinical significance of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based IGH/ IGK gene rearrangement analysis versus flow cytometry (FCM) in diagnosing minimal residual disease (MRD) of children with acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Methods:Clinical data, NGS-MRD and FCM-MRD findings at the initial diagnosis and after induction chemotherapy of 85 children diagnosed as B-ALL in Children′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2019 to July 2021, were retrospectively analyzed.The sensitivity of the two methods, and the positive rate were compared by χ2 test or Fisher′ s test.The correlation was identified by Spearman correlation analysis. Results:Dominant clone sequences were detected in all children at the initial diagnosis by NGS, while selection markers were identified by FCM in 75(88.2%) patients.Positive MRD rate detected by NGS-MRD was significantly higher than that of FCM-MRD at the same time point after induction chemotherapy[31.8%(27/85) vs.9.4%(8/85), P<0.001]. Compared with those of FCM-MRD, NGS-MRD had good sensitivity (100.0%), specificity (75.3%) and negative predictive value (100.0%), and the positive predictive value was 29.6%.MRD results detected by NGS were consistent with that of FCM ( r=0.569, P<0.001). By July 27, 2022, 2 patients with NGS-MRD (+ )FCM-MRD (-)relapsed during maintenance chemotherapy. Conclusions:NGS is highly consistent with FCM in the detection of MRD in children with B-ALL, which is more sensitive.The combination of NGS-MRD and FCM-MRD benefits more in monitoring MRD in children with B-ALL after induction chemotherapy.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of rutin on the browning of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the mechanism. MethodCell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was used to detect the effect of different concentration of rutin （3.125， 6.25， 12.5， 25， 50， 100， 200 μmol·L-1） on 3T3-L1 cell activity， and Western blot to examine the effect of rutin （12.5， 25， 50 μmol·L-1） on the expression of thermogenesis-associated proteins uncoupling protein 1 （UCP1）， PR domain containing 16 （PRDM16） and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α （PGC-1α） in adipocytes. After the optimal concentration of rutin was determined， the effect of rutin on lipid droplet formation in adipocytes was observed based on oil red O staining， and the expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1 （NRF1）， nuclear respiratory factor 2 （NRF2） and mitochondrial transcription factor A （TFAM）， which were the landmark proteins of mitochondrial biosynthesis， was detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the blank group， 200 μmol·L-1 rutin inhibited 3T3-L1 cell activity （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， at the concentration of 12.5， 25， 50 μmol·L-1 rutin significantly promoted the expression of thermogenesis-associated proteins （UCP1， PRDM16， and PGC-1α） （P<0.01）， which was determined as the optimal concentration. Compared with the blank group， 50 μmol·L-1 rutin significantly increased the immunofluorescence intensity of mitochondrial UCP1 protein in 3T3-L1 cells （P<0.01） and the expression of the markers of mitochondrial biosynthesis （NRF1， NRF2， and TFAM） （P<0.01）. In addition， 50 μmol·L-1 rutin significantly inhibited lipid droplet formation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes （P<0.01）. ConclusionRutin inhibited lipid droplet deposition in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and increased the expression of thermogenesis-related proteins （UCP1， PRDM16， and PGC-1α） and markers of mitochondrial biosynthesis （NRF1， NRF2， and TFAM）， thereby inducing the browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This lays a basis for the development of drugs that safely regulate the browning of white cells.
ABSTRACT
Pancreatic cancer is a disease with a high fatality rate， with a five-year survival rate of no more than 10% and a significantly increasing annual mortality rate. The common pathogenesis factors of pancreatic cancer are family inheritance， diet， pancreatitis， obesity， etc.， among which， family inheritance of pancreatic cancer is the main reason， and about 7%-10% of patients have family inheritance. Surgery is an effective way to treat pancreatic cancer in patients and improve their survival， but most people are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer at intermediate and advanced stages and lose the opportunity for surgical treatment. Therefore， radiotherapy， interventional therapy， supportive treatment， immunotherapy， and other treatments are used clinically to relieve symptoms and prolong the survival of patients. The commonly used clinical drug is gemcitabine. Although it can inhibit tumor growth and improve the condition， it can bring side effects such as bone marrow suppression， rash， digestive tract side effects， and drug resistance. The damage of these side effects to the human body is systemic. Chinese medicine can be used alone or in combination with other treatment methods to reduce the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy， restore the physical energy of patients， and reduce its related complications. Chinese medicine contains a large number of active ingredients， including alkaloids， flavonoids， saponins， phenolic acids， and organic acids， with anti-inflammatory， anti-viral， anti-tumor， and other curative effects. Many clinical studies of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） on cancers have verified that TCM plays a positive role in tumor prevention and treatment， especially in improving and controlling clinical symptoms， and also plays a good detoxification effect on radiotherapy and chemotherapy， with good results achieved in improving bone marrow suppression， improving immunity， improving quality of life， and prolonging survival. This paper reviewed the anti-pancreatic cancer mechanism of Chinese medicine monomers based on literature in China and abroad， aiming to provide new potential drug candidates for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To assess the detection rates of preconception health risks among couples of reproductive age in China and analyze the differences between 2013 and 2019.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, the preconception health examination data of 9 153 916 couples of 20-49 years who participated in the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project in 2013 or 2019 were consecutively selected. The health risks involved eight aspects in women (genetic risk, reproductive risk, chronic disease risk, infectious risk, nutritional risk, behavioral risk, environmental risk and psychosocial risk) and seven aspects in men except for reproductive risks were assessed. The t test and χ2 test were used to compare the differences in demographic characteristics between the couples of reproductive age. The detection rates and 95% CI of each preconception health risk were calculated and the χ2 test was used to compare the differences in the detection rates of risk factors. Results:In 2019, the proportion of couples of reproductive age in China who were 35 years or older, had an education background of high school and above, workers, and held non-agricultural registered residence were all higher than those in 2013 (15.18% vs 6.22%, 52.12% vs 29.78%, 8.33% vs 7.17%, 12.39% vs 6.64%), while the proportion of farmers was significantly lower than that in 2013 (60.95% vs 76.87%) (all P<0.001). In 2013, the three health risks with the highest detection rate among Chinese women of reproductive age was nutritional risk (37.50%), infectious risk (16.95%) and psychosocial risk (11.62%), respectively; while in 2019, it was nutritional risk (38.07%), infectious risk (12.82%), and chronic disease risk (11.12%), respectively. The detection rate of nutritional risk in Chinese women of reproductive age in 2019 was significantly higher than that in 2013 (38.07% vs 37.50%), while the detection rates of infectious risk and psychosocial risk were both lower than those in 2013 (12.82% vs 16.95% and 7.37% vs 11.62%) (all P<0.001). In 2013, the top three risks detected in men of reproductive age was behavioral risk (44.87%), nutritional risk (36.81%) and psychosocial risk (13.43%), respectively; and in 2019, it was nutritional risk (45.47%), behavioral risk (38.76%) and psychosocial risk (9.18%), respectively. The detection rates of nutritional risk in men of reproductive age in 2019 was significantly higher than that in 2013 (45.47% vs 36.81%), while the detection rates of behavioral risk and psychosocial risk were both lower than those in 2013 (38.76% vs 44.87%, 9.18% vs 13.43%) (all P<0.001). Conclusions:The detection rate of nutritional risk in couples of reproductive age and genetic risk in men in 2019 in China are higher than those in 2013, and the exposure to the other preconception health risks is decreasing. The nutritional risk, infection risk, psychosocial risk and chronic disease risk are the main risk factors for women of reproductive age, while the nutritional risk, behavioral risk and psychosocial risk are the main risk factors for men.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir-based direct-acting antiviral treatment in children and adolescent patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).Methods:A total of 52 children and adolescent patients who admitted to The Third People′s Hospital of Kunming City and The People′s Hospital of Fuyuan County aged from three to 17 years old with CHC from January 2018 to August 2022 were enrolled, and their basic information was collected. Patients were treated with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) or ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) with or without ribavirin for 12 weeks. The biochemical and virological indexes were followed up before and after treatment and 12 weeks after withdrawal. The primary endpoint was the sustained virological response (SVR) at week 12 of follow-up after treatment, and the occurrence of adverse events (AE) during treatment. Statistical analysis was used by nonparametric test.Results:A total of 52 patients with CHC including 38 children and 14 adolescents were enrolled. Thirty-one were male and 21 were female. The age was 9(7, 12) years old. Among 52 patients, seven patients were type 1b, 11 were type 2a, three were type 2, five were type 3a, 18 were type 3b, one was type 6a, three were type 6k, four were type 6n and one was type 6v. Twelve (23.1%) patients were vertical transmission, 21(40.4%) patients had horizontal transmission among family members, two (3.8%) patients were blood fluid transmission, and 17(32.7%) were unknown transmission route. Compared with the baseline levels, Total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were all significantly decreased after 12 weeks of treatment and 12 weeks after withdrawal, and the differences were statistically significant ( F=12.71, 30.23 and 42.52, respectively, all P<0.05). Up to September 30, 2022, 100.0%(52/52) of patients achieved SVR at the end of treatment. For patients who completed follow-up for 12 weeks after treatment, 95.8%(46/48) achieved SVR. Common AEs during treatment were fatigue (11.5%(6/52)), headache (5.8%(3/52)), dizziness (1.9%(1/52)), abdominal pain (3.8%(2/52)), diarrhea (1.9%(1/52)), rash (1.9%(1/52)) and skin pruritus (1.9%(1/52)). No patients discontinued treatment because of AE. Conclusions:Sofosbuvir-based direct-acting antiviral treatment is efficient and well-tolerated in children and adolescent patients with CHC. No patients discontinued treatment due to AE.
ABSTRACT
Breast milk contains a variety of bioactive components, which play a vital role in disease prevention and treatment.Among them, circular RNA(circRNA), which is a closed ring structure formed by covalent bonds, has aroused interest because of its conservation and stability.Pediatric researchers should attach importance to studies on circRNA in breast milk, as they may bring new inspiration for breast milk functions.In this article, characteristics and functions of circRNA in breast milk will be investigated, and its research and prospects will be discussed.
ABSTRACT
The incidence of diabetes has been on the rise as the result of lifestyle changes， especially the high-fat diet and reduced exercise. Thus， it has become a global public health problem and it is an urgent task to explore effective therapy. There has been an explosion of research on the relationship of transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） signaling pathways with diabetes complications and tumors， but the role of the pathways in the occurrence and progression of diabetes remains unclear. TGF-β signaling pathways can be activated by many factors， directly or indirectly leading to the apoptosis of islet β cells and insulin resistance （IR）， and thus they are expected to become new targets for the treatment of diabetes. TGF-β-related signaling pathways involve AMP-activated proteinkinase （AMPK）， protooncogene （c-Myc）， Ski-relatednovel protein N （SnoN）， Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 （Smurf1）， miR-335-5p， and other signaling molecules. They participate in the occurrence and development of IR， apoptosis of islet β cells， insulin secretion disorder， fibrosis of adipocytes， and metabolic disorder of adipocytes， and inhibit the browning of white adipose tissue， playing an important part in the pathological process of human diabetes. According to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the pathogenesis of diabetes is the deficiency of Qi and Yin， and the late stage is characterized by the syndrome of Qi deficiency， and Yang deficiency and blood stasis， which should be treated according to the principle of replenishing Qi and nourishing Yin， warming Yang and activating blood. It has been found that the efficacy of some Chinese medicinals and compound prescriptions on diabetes is closely related to the TGF-β signaling pathways. This paper reviews TGF-β-associated signaling pathways， elucidating the roles of them in pathogenesis of diabetes， and analyzes the relationship of TGF-β-associated signaling pathways with the effect of compound Chinese medicine prescriptions against diabetes. This study is expected to lay a theoretical basis for the research on the treatment diabetes.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the degree of liver injury and liver fibrosis in patients in the immune-tolerant phase of chronic HBV infection, and to provide a basis for judging the condition of patients in the immune-tolerant phase. Methods A total of 300 patients with HBV DNA ≥10 7 IU/mL, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤40 U/L, and complete data who were treated in The Third People's Hospital of Kunming from January 2015 to December 2019 were enrolled as subjects, and related data were collected, including age, sex, duration of HBV infection, blood biochemistry, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level, and HBV DNA. Liver pathological examination was performed for all patients, and the patients were divided into G < 2 and G ≥2 groups according to inflammation grade and S < 2 and S ≥2 groups according to the degree of fibrosis. The t -test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the influencing factors for G ≥2 liver inflammation and S ≥2 liver fibrosis. Results Among the 300 patients, 213 (71%) had G ≥2 liver inflammation and 120 (40%) had S ≥2 liver fibrosis, with a baseline age of 26.06±9.01 years; male patients accounted for 48%, and the duration of infection was 5.62±5.09 years. The univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the G < 2 and G ≥2 groups in ALT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (Alb), platelet count (PLT), diameter of the portal vein, and spleen thickness ( t =-26.677, -11.612, 2.149, 5.410, -6.092, and -2.911, all P < 0.05), and there were significant differences between the S < 2 and S ≥2 groups in duration of infection, ALT, ALP, Alb, HBV DNA, PLT, diameter of the portal vein, and spleen thickness ( t =-6.320, -6.694, -7.880, 2.349, 4.552, 19.160, -5.782, and -5.622, all P < 0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that ALT (odds ratio [ OR ]=10.270, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 2.212-47.672, P =0.003) and ALP ( OR =1.097, 95% CI : 1.013-1.188, P =0.023) were independent risk factors for G ≥2 liver inflammation in patients in the immune-tolerant phase, and ALP ( OR =1.034, 95% CI : 1.015-1.054, P < 0.001), PLT ( OR =0.913, 95% CI : 0.886-0.938, P < 0.001), HBV DNA ( OR =0.198, 95% CI : 0.062-0.636, P =0.007), and duration of infection ( OR =1.176, 95% CI : 1.033-1.340, P =0.015) were independent influencing factors for S ≥2 liver fibrosis in patients in the immune-tolerant phase. Conclusion Most patients in the immune-tolerant phase have significant liver histological changes. ALT and ALP are the influencing factors for significant liver inflammation, and ALP, HBV-DNA, PLT, and infection time are the influencing factors for significant liver fibrosis in patients in the immune-tolerant phase.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the medicinal effect of total flavonoids of mulberry leaves on regulating liver lipid metabolism disorder in diabetes mellitus type 2 （T2DM） rats， and the mechanism based on liver peroxidase proliferators activate receptors-α （PPAR-α） and carnitine palmityl transferase-1 （CPT-1） proteins. MethodTotal flavonoids of mulberry leaves were extracted and purified by ethanol extraction + macroporous resin purification and then identified. T2DM rat model was induced by high fat diet （HFD） + streptozocin（STZ）method. Rats with blood glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol·L-1 were divided into three administration groups with the high dose （300 mg·kg-1）， medium dose （150 mg·kg-1）， and low dose （75 mg·kg-1） of total flavonoids of mulberry leaves for 8 weeks， respectively， to observe the weight and blood glucose of the rats. The pathological changes of rat livers were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Biochemical method was used to detect the levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low density lipoprotein-cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol （HDL-C） of blood lipid metabolism in rats. The messenger ribonucleic acid （mRNA） and protein expressions of PPAR-α and CPT-1 were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot. ResultAfter 8 weeks of intervention of total flavonoids of mulberry leaves， compared with the control group， the food intake， liver index， and fasting blood glucose of rats in the model group increased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the food intake， fasting blood glucose， and liver index of rats in the administration groups decreased significantly （P<0.01）. The results of HE staining showed that the liver tissue structure of rats in the control group was complete and there was no obvious abnormality. The model group showed vacuolar degeneration and inflammatory infiltration of hepatocytes of rats. There was no obvious abnormality in the liver structure of rats in the administration groups. The results of blood lipid showed that compared with the control group， the levels of TC， TG， and LDL-C increased significantly （P<0.01）， but the level of HDL-C decreased significantly （P<0.01） in the model group. Compared with the model group， the levels of TC， TG， and LDL-C decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）， whereas the level of HDL-C increased significantly （P<0.01） in the administration groups. The results of Real-time PCR showed that compared with the control group， the mRNA expression of PPAR-α and CPT-1 of rats in the model group decreased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the mRNA expressions of PPAR-α and CPT-1 of rats in the high-dose group increased significantly （P<0.01）. The results of Western blot showed that compared with the control group， the protein expressions of PPAR-α and CPT-1 of rats in the model group decreased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the protein expressions of PPAR-α and CPT-1 of rats in the high-dose group increased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionTotal flavonoids of mulberry leaves can effectively reduce blood glucose and improve liver lipid metabolism disorder in T2DM rats. The total flavonoids of mulberry leaves could regulate lipid metabolism and play a hypoglycemic role by activating and regulating PPAR-α and CPT-1 proteins and promoting oxidative decomposition of fatty acids.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the meridian tropism of components in Bupleuri Radix （Chaihu， CH） based on the model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH） and clarify the substance basis of the meridian tropism of CH in Xiaoyaosan （XYS） by means of principal component analysis. MethodEighty SPF male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into 8 groups， with 10 mice in each group. Except that the blank group was fed with the methionine choline-sufficient （MCS） diet， the other mice were fed with methionine choline-deficient （MCD） diet for 4 weeks to establish the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH） model. After the established model was confirmed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， the mice were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage once a day for 4 weeks. Specifically， the 8 groups were XYS group （2.874 g·kg-1）， XYS-CH group （2.445 g·kg-1）， XYS-CH+volatile oils （Vol， 0.163 mg·kg-1） group， XYS-CH+polysaccharides （Pol， 24.067 mg·kg-1） group， XYS-CH+flavones （Fla， 2.241 mg·kg-1） group， and XYS-CH+saponins （Sap， 2.746 mg·kg-1） group. The model group and the blank group were administrated with the same volume of normal saline. After the last administration， the mice were sacrificed for the collection of blood and liver tissue. The pathological changes of liver were observed by HE staining and oil red O staining. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） kits were used to determine the levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， high-density lipoprotein （HDL）， and low-density lipoprotein （LDL） in serum as well as malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in liver. SPSS Statistics 23 was used for principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation to determine the substance basis of the meridian tropism of CH in NASH mice. ResultCompared with the blank control group， the modeling led to hepatocyte swelling， increased fat vacuoles， and appearance of inflammatory cells. Further， the modeling elevated the levels of ALT， AST， TG， TC， and LDL and lowered the HDL level in serum， and it increased the MDA level and decreased the SOD， CAT， and GSH-Px levels in liver. Compared with the model group， the administration of XYS and XYS-CH in combination with the components of CH alleviated the oxidative damage in liver （P<0.05）. The comprehensive score of the pharmacological efficacy was in a descending order as follows： XYS > XYS-CH+Sap > XYS-CH+Fla > XYS-CH+Pol > XYS-CH+Vol > XYS-CH. Among the chemical components of CH， Sap had the best effect. ConclusionSap lowers the blood lipid level， regulates the abnormal lipid metabolism， and alleviates the oxidative damage of liver， which is the substance basis for CH to exert the meridian tropism in liver.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo identify the molecular biology of various species of Tibetan Codonopsis plants based on internal transcribed spacer（ITS）2 and psbA-trnH sequence barcode technology. MethodThe genomic DNA of 28 Tibetan Codonopsis plant samples from four species （Codonopsis canescens，C. foetens subsp. nervosa，C. pilosula， and C. thalictrifolia var. mollis） were extracted，and the ITS2 and psbA-trnH sequences were amplified and sequenced. The related sequences of 81 Tibetan Codonopsis plant samples belonging to 15 species were downloaded from GenBank， and MEGA 6.0 was used for sequence comparison and mutation site analysis. The GC content and genetic distance within and between species were calculated. Additionally， phylogenetic trees were constructed by maximum likelihood （ML） method， neighbor-joining （NJ） method，and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means （UPGMA） . ResultAccording to the mutation site，C. canescens， C. pilosula，C. pilosula subsp. tangshen， C. pilosula var. modesta，C. bhutanica，C. clematidea，C. lanceolata，C. subglobosa and C. foetens were distinguished. In the phylogenetic trees，the optimal clustering effects for ITS2 and psbA-trnH sequences were obtained using the ML method and the UPGMA method， respectively， and 12 species were effectively clustered. ConclusionITS2 and psbA-trnH sequences have a high identification rate for species of single origin，but there are still some limitations in identifying variants and original variants. This study provides basis for the identification of affinity relationship and clinical safety of Tibetan Codonopsis plants.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the relationship between anemia and neuropsychological development in various domains among preschool children in China.@*Methods@#Data came from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children in China, and 3 261 preschool children aged 2-6 years and their parents from 28 sites across 14 provinces were recruited in this study. Parental and child characteristics were obtained by interview administrated questionnaires. Blood hemoglobin(Hb) concentration was determined by Hemocue method. Neuropsychological development quotients were assessed using the Development Scale for Children Aged 0-6 Years(WS/T 580-2017).@*Results@#The average Hb level was (125.23±11.49)g/L and the overall anemia prevalence was 10.30% among preschool children. After adjusting the confounding factors(sex, age, ethnicity, region, feeding mode, maternal status during pregnancy, etc), developmental quotients of gross motor( β=-2.15, 95%CI =-3.89--0.41), fine motor( β=-2.46, 95%CI =-4.12--0.79), adaptive behavior( β=-2.59, 95%CI =-4.42--0.76), language( β=-3.65, 95%CI =-5.53--1.78), personal social behavior( β=-3.11, 95%CI =-4.94--1.28) and full scale( β=-2.79, 95%CI =-4.10--1.49) among children with anemia were significantly lower than non anemic infants( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Anemia was negatively associated with developmental quotient, as well as five domains of gross motor, fine motor, adaptive behavior, language, and personal social behavior in preschool children aged 2-6 years. It is suggested to carry out the work of anemia monitoring and intervention in preschool children to further improve their neuropsychological development.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the quality, content and feasibility of health information on breast cancer treatment in Chinese websites, for reference in standardizing online health information.Methods:In January 2022, three Chinese search engines, namely Baidu, Sogou and Haosou, were used to search with " breast cancer" and " breast cancer treatment" as keywords. The first 50 links identified by each engine were accessed to screen breast cancer treatment health information websites. Subsequently, the DISCERN scoring tool was adopted to evaluate the quality of health information on the websites(16 items). The information content(10 items)assessment was conducted by referring to the " Guidelines and Specifications for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association(2019 Edition)". The feasibility of website health information was evaluated with Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool(PEMAT).Results:A total of 19 websites were included, and their service mode was mainly active information service(14 websites). The overall scoring for the quality of health information about breast cancer treatment was 2.0, with the highest score of " clarity of purpose" (3.4). According to the assessment results of information content, these websites were divided into 4 grades: excellent(3), good(11), fair(3), and poor(2). All the websites contained the information on clinical manifestations, etiology, examination and treatment of breast cancer. The overall feasibility of website health information was 44.5%, indicating incomplete feasibility.Conclusions:The Chinese website′s health information on breast cancer treatment is poor in quality and implementation. Hence, it′s urgent to further improve and standardize online health information, establishing a unified evaluation standard and actively exploring the new mode of " Internet+ Medical" service.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the relationship between M2-type microglia-derived exosomes (M2-exo) and neuronal oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration (OGD/R) injury in mice.Methods:Mouse neuroblastoma cells (N2a cells) and BV2 microglia were cultured in vitro, and BV2 microglia were activated to M2 type using 20 ng/ml IL-4, and M0-type microglia-derived exosomes (M0-exo) and M2-exo were extracted.N2a cells were divided into 4 groups ( n=23 each) using the random number table method: control+ M0-exo group (C+ M0 group), control+ M2-exo group (C+ M2 group), OGD/R+ M0-exo group (O+ M0 group) and OGD/R+ M2-exo group (O+ M2 group).M0-exo and M2-exo (final concentration 100 μg/ml) were added in C+ M0 and C+ M2 groups, respectively, and the cells were incubated for 24 h. M0-exo and M2-exo (final concentration 100 μg/ml) were added at 3 h after oxygen and glucose deprivation, and then the cells were incubated for 24 h in O+ M0 and O+ M2 groups, respectively.N2a cell viability was measured by the CCK-8 method, and the severity of cell damage was assessed using the lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate.The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 protein and mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Results:Compared with C+ M0 group, no significant changes were found in N2a cell viability, LDH release rate, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio in C+ M2 group ( P>0.05), and N2a cell viability was significantly decreased, and the LDH release rate, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio were increased in O+ M0 group ( P<0.05).Compared with C+ M2 group, the N2a cell viability was significantly decreased, and the LDH release rate, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio were increased in O+ M2 group ( P<0.05).Compared with O+ M0 group, N2a cell viability was significantly increased, and LDH release rate, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio were decreased in O+ M2 group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:M2-exo exerts an endogenous protective effect during OGD/R in mouse neurons, which may be related to the inhibition of cell apoptosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the quality of information about bronchial asthma in Chinese Internet Site.Methods:According to the traffic ranking of Alexa website, three Chinese keywords of “bronchial asthma”, “asthma” and “asthma treatment” were searched in two most common Chinese search engines: Baidu and Sohu, and the information quality was evaluated by DISCERN tool. The completeness and accuracy of the information were evaluated according to the “2019 Global Strategy For Asthma Management And Prevention”.Results:A total of 25 websites were obtained. The DISCERN evaluation showed that none of the evaluations had an average score of more than 3.40 points. More than 50% of the information on the websites was incomplete or incorrect, and 4% of the websites contained incorrect information. The website content scores were graded, and the grading results were: excellent 12%, good 40%, fair 36%, poor 12%. The website was evaluated according to the attributes of the owner. Professional websites had better accuracy and comprehensive websites had better comprehensiveness. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the content score was positively correlated with the reliability score, detail score, and total score in DISCERN score ( r=0.58, 0.63, 0.61, all P<0.001). Conclusion:The quality of asthma information on Chinese Internet Site is generally poor.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the spatial position and functional parameters of 18F-FDG PET-CT and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) before and during radiotherapy (RT) based on the medium of 3DCT in patients with esophageal cancer and to explore whether the high-signal area derived from DWI can be used for individualized definition of the volume in need of dose-escalation for esophageal cancer. Methods:Thirty-two patients with esophageal cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy or neoadjuvant chemoradiation sequentially underwent repeated 3DCT, 18F-FDG PET-CT and enhanced MRI scans before RT and at the 15 th time of RT. All images were fused with the 3DCT images by deformable registration. The gross tumor volume (GTV) was delineated based on PET Edge on the first and second 3DCT, PET-CT and DWI and corresponding T 2-weighted MRI (T 2W-MRI) fused images, and defined as GTV CTpre and GTV CTdur, GTV PETpre, GTV PETdur, GTV DWIpre and GTV DWIdur, respectively. SUV (SUV max, SUV mean, SUV peak), MTV, TLG, ADC (ADC min and ADC mean) values and △SUV (△SUV max, △SUV mean, △SUV peak), △MTV, △TLG, △ADC (△ADC mean and △ADC min) of lesions were measured before and during RT. Results:The differences in SUV (SUV max, SUV mean, SUV peak), MTV, TLG, ADC mean and ADC min of the GTV before and during RT were statistically significant (all P<0.001). The tumor ADC and SUV values before and during RT showed no significant correlation, and there was no correlation between △ADC and △SUV (both P>0.05). The conformity index (CI) of GTV PETpre to GTV DWIpre was significantly higher than that of GTV PETdur to GTV DWIdur ( P<0.001). The shrinkage rate of maximum diameter (△LD DWI)(24%) and the shrinkage rate of tumor volume (VRR DWI)(60%) based on DWI during RT were significantly greater than the corresponding PET-based △LD PET (14%) and VRR PET (41%)( P=0.017 and P<0.001). Conclusions:The location of high residual FDG uptake based on PET-CT yields poor spatial matching compared with the area with residual high signal based on DWI during RT. Tumor ADC and SUV values may play complementary roles as imaging markers for prediction of patterns of failure and for definition of the volume in need of dose-escalation. In addition, the shrinkage rates of tumor maximum diameter/volume based on DWI during RT are significantly faster than those based on PET-CT. Therefore, the feasibility of selecting boosting of the high signal area derived from DWI for individualized definition of the volume for esophageal cancer is not clear.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the influences of WeChat platform combined with problem-based learning (PBL) teaching method on the theoretical examination results, practical skills scores and satisfaction of nursing students in operating room.Methods:A total of 124 undergraduate nursing students from June 2018 to December 2019 from the operating room of The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, UESTC were selected as the control group, among which, 62 nursing students from June 2018 to March 2019 were selected as the control group, and 62 nursing students from April to December 2019 were selected as the research group. The control group adopted the traditional teaching method, and the research adopted WeChat platform combined with PBL teaching method. The results of theoretical examination, skill practice, preparation for autonomous learning, critical thinking ability and teaching satisfaction were compared between the two groups. SPSS 23.0 was used for t test. Results:The scores of theory examination and skill practice in the study group were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05); after practice, the scores of self-management, love of learning and self-control in the study group were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05); after practice, the scores of the three dimensions of curiosity, truth seeking, systematization ability and total score in the study group were all higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05); the satisfactions of the research group on teaching content, teaching problem design and teaching effect were higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The combination of WeChat platform and PBL teaching method can improve the knowledge mastery level of nursing students in operating room, cultivate their self-learning ability and critical thinking ability, and nursing students are more satisfied with the teaching mode.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of single-port laparoscopy and conventional laparoscopic surgery in ovarian cystectomy.Methods:The clinical data of 139 patients with laparoscopic surgery for ovarian cyst admitted to the same department of gynecology from December 2016 to December 2019 in Suzhou Hospital Affiliated of Anhui Medical University were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into single-port laparoscopic surgery group (62 cases) and conventional laparoscopic surgery group (77 cases) according to different surgical methods. The clinical indictors, the levels of estrogen, T lymphocyte subgroups, the complications rate and incision satisfaction rate between two groups were compared.Results:The operation in both groups was smooth and there was no conversion to open surgery. Compared with the conventional laparoscopic surgery group, the surgery time, intraoperative blood loss in single-port laparoscopic surgery group were higher, the hospital stays in single-port laparoscopic surgery group was shorter, but there were no significant differences ( P>0.05). The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E 2) in two groups before operation had no significant differences ( P>0.05). At 30 d after operation, the levels of FSH, LH and E 2 in single-port laparoscopic surgery group were higher than those in conventional laparoscopic surgery group, but the differences were no statistically significant ( P>0.05). Before operation, the levels of CD 4+, CD 8+ and CD 4+/CD 8+ in two groups has no significant differences ( P>0.05). At 3 d after operation, the levels of CD 4+, CD 8+ and CD 4+/CD 8+ in single-port laparoscopic surgery group were higher than those in conventional laparoscopic surgery group: 0.51 ± 0.03 vs. 0.47 ± 0.02, 0.41 ± 0.23 vs. 0.39 ± 0.05, 1.36 ± 0.02 vs. 1.24 ± 0.02, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The rate of complication in two groups had no significant difference ( P>0.05). At 3 d after operation, the scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain in single-port laparoscopic surgery group were lower than that in conventional laparoscopic surgery group: (1.12 ± 0.21) scores vs. (3.56 ± 0.65) scores, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The incision satisfaction rate in single-port laparoscopic surgery group was significantly higher than that in conventional laparoscopic surgery group: 90.32%(56/62) vs. 72.73%(56/77), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Single-port laparoscopy can be safely and smoothly implemented in ovarian cystectomy, and can reduce postoperative pain, improve cell immunity, and have better cosmetic result.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the application value of 18F-FDG PET-CT combined with MRI in the radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma by comparing the differences in the gross target volume (GTV), position length delineated on the end expiratory (EE) phase of 4DCT, PET-CT and T 2-weighted MRI (T 2W-MRI). Methods:Twenty-six patients with thoracic esophageal cancer scheduled to receive concurrent chemoradiotherapy sequentially underwent 3DCT, 4DCT, PET-CT and enhanced MRI for thoracic localization. All images were fused with the 3DCT images by deformable registration. GTV CT, GTV 50% GTV PET2.5, GTV MRI and GTV DWI were delineated on 3DCT, the EE phase of 4DCT images, PET-CT with the thresholds of SUV≥2.5, T 2W-MRI and diffusion-weighted images, respectively. Results:GTV PET2.5 was significantly larger than GTV 50% and GTV MRI ( P<0.001 and P=0.008), whereas the volume of GTV MRI was similar to that of GTV 50%( P=0.439). Significant differences were observed between the CI of GTV MRI to GTV 50% and GTV PET2.5 to GTV 50%( P=0.004). The conformity indexes (CIs) of GTV MRI to GTV CT and GTV PET2.5 to GTV CT were statistically significant ( P=0.004 and P=0.039). The CI of GTV MRI to GTV PET2.5 was significantly smaller than that of GTV MRI to GTV 50%, GTV MRI to GTV CT, GTV PET2.5 to GTV 50% and GTV PET2.5 to GTV CT ( P=0.000-0.021). The length of gastroscopy was similar to those of GTV PET2.5 and GTV DWI (both P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in the length between GTV PET2.5 and GTV DWI ( P=0.072). Conclusion:GTV MRI yields significantly different volume and poor spatial matching compared with GTV PET2.5. The application of PET-CT combined with MRI under respiratory gating system in the delineation of GTV should be used with caution in thoracic squamous esophageal cancer. MRI-DWI can replace PET-CT to help determine the upper and lower boundaries of GTV based on CT images.